Sunday, May 19, 2019

How does Wordsworth portray real people in The Lyrical Ballads? Essay

Lyrical Ballads, and in particular the Preface to Lyrical Ballads, is considered a central constitute of Romantic literary theory. In it, Wordsworth discusses what he sees as the ele ments of a new type of meter, one base on the real oral communication of men and the work itself avoids the poetic diction of much eighteenth-century poetry, whose most noteworthy exponent was John Milton in Paradise Lost, which benefitted from drastic overuse of verbose Latinate vocabulary. He matte up this wasnt an accurate reflection of real people, and sought to portray them through using language which they used. In the Preface to Lyrical Ballads, Wordsworth famously described poetry as the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings from emotions recollected in tranquility, and wrote to justify in theoretical terms his practice of writing a new and experimental poetry, one whose language is fitting to metrical arrangement a selection of the real language of men in a state of vivid sensation .He rejected the Miltonic approach to poetry, and rather favoured much more than Anglo-Saxon words, for their gritty implications appropriate for a publication in which most of the poems are focused nearly everyday people and situations. Unsurprisingly, these are very pastoral poems, many of which solely include narrative. Although this may attend mundane for such a famous poet, this was Wordsworths statement of protest against the style of the meter, and his digression instead led to a new style of poetry in which living language is valued highly, as it allows a sense of man speaking to man, and is a more accessible style of poetry than his predecessors.In Michael, a poem about a father and son who form an eternal beat (Michael, an eighty-year experienced shepherd, and Luke, his son), Wordsworth portrays the relationship between the two. The first indication we receive of the tight-knit paternal bond is the use of language when describing Michaels care for Luke. On two occ asions, Michaels affection is emphasised by using in particular matriarchal language Michael had done him Luke female service and female hand . Wordsworth tries to convey the strength of the bond between the two in an ordinary working family a clear diversion from the traditional poetry of the time. Michael is evidently a plain, hard-working, message and fulfilled man, but the land he has worked and continued on has to be change on when his br another(prenominal) defaults on a loan that Michael had guaranteed. From line 236 ( Isabel, said he, ), Wordsworth uses dialogue for the first time to instill the sense of a soliloquy in the poem.Michael speaks with a Shakespearean dignity he is more upset that he is soon to lose his land, and his family exit be affected, than that his brother has betrayed him. The nature of the poem itself is something which concentrates itself well-nigh the ostensibly ordinary it is, by definition, a pastoral poem. It describes the life of a shepherd a nd his family, but rase this varies from the traditional meaning of the word, as the country scene is far from idyllic. After hearing that his land will have to be sold, and sending off his son in order to make enough silver for the family to still be comfortable, Michael goes about constructing a sheepfold, of which Luke lays the cornerstone.This is, again, a seemingly unimportant detail, especially given the content of contemporary poetry, but in the context of a shepherds life, this is more than a clear detail, and within the context of the poem, it is critical. Firstly, it provides us with possibly the best example of typically Wordsworthian language in the whole poem the building materials are described as a Straggling heap of unhewn stones, a phrase which exemplifies the fricative consonants and drawn-out vowels of inherently Anglo-Saxon vocabulary. The pile of stones is also crucial to the poem as it signifies the transient impermanence and brevity of life, which leads us into thinking of Michaels life he has worked for 70 long time for everything he owns, and it is to be taken from him in a relative instant.The sheepfold itself is never finished, as Michael learns that Luke has become a criminal and must flee beyond the seas every day for the rest of his life, Michael goes to bemoan the death of his son at the pile of stones, and, seven years later, he dies. The poems frank purpose is to support his notion that a pastoral life is pure, moral, and happy. Wordsworth believed that living close to nature, living an uncomplicated, phantasmal life devoted to honest labor was the ideal. His narrative suggests that if Luke had remained in the natural valley with his parents and continued to live the pastoral life, he would have retained his moral character and would have later saved his parents from years of grief.Although Michael is the prime example of Wordsworths portrayal of real people in The Lyrical Ballads, several other poems display his wish t o convey the lives of real people through techniques such as language and fleck situations.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Modern Family Essay

In advanced Familys episode 15 of season 1 a number of societal norms are addressed, virtu entirelyy of which challenged early(a)s reinforced. Norms such as the ones relating to comic couples with children, natural adolescentrs, and extended families, in opposite words the rich rare(a) man with the young hot wife and step kid. Modern Family as by its name offers us a more modern construe of family in todays society.The premise of Modern Family is a mock documentary-style sitcom fabricated around three precise contrasting families that all share phylogenetic relation a human being couple, whove just adopted a baby daughter from Vietnam a maintain and wife with three kids and a May-December married couple between an older man and a woman who has a son from a prior marriage. This particular episode is based around Valentine s Day and follows three different stories of Jay and Gloria, Cam and Mitchel, and of course, Phil and Claire.Claire and Phil plan a Valentines Day ex cursion which leads them to role playing at a hotel, duration Jay and takes Gloria to a David Brenner show where Jay gets picked on for being an older husband and is mistaken for Glorias father, and oh yeah He also bought her diamond earrings with this fat wallet. Cam and Mitchel besides decide to say at home since Mitchel has had a bulky day at work but the two of them are able to help out a much desperate Manny (Glorias kid) with a crush of his own. One of societys biggest norms is the conflict of marriage and the age at which one is expected to be married and his/her partners age.As shown in Modern Family Jay is significantly older than Gloria who is your true trophy wife. The show clearly challenges the trustworthy norm of marriage and how we as a society have come to accept the so called limitations, (i. e. age), of marriage. Episode 15 illustrates in a expectation where Jay takes Gloria to a comedy show featuring David Brenner (who is from Jays generation) for Valentine s Day, however she wants to go salsa dancing. Once there David Brenner mistakes Jay for Glorias father and pick on him for being an older husband.The show clearly challenges the accepted norm of a traditional family/marriage and displays the May-December marriage as an accepted view of the modern family. It also shows how Jay is non the innocent husband due to his age difference. As this norm is being presented, the same norm is being challenged in a different way. Earlier in the episode Jays is shown to go forth Gloria a diamond earring which demonstrations that Jay is a typical husband, one who is expected to buy his wife diamonds earrings, necklaces, etc.Through this example, Jay demonstrates the traits that are exhibited in the classic husband. In todays society the issue of gay marriage is a delicate one, where gay marriage is becoming more and more accepted in society but is still criminal in some states of the U. S. An even bigger issue lies with same-sex couples adopting babies, which is clearly not yet fully accepted by society and is not an image that forms when a picture of a typical family is cast. These norms are well-tried when the show follows the story of Cam and Mitchel (Jays Son) on Valentines Day.Cam and Mitchel are a gay married couple, who decide to repose at home for Valentines Day. In Modern Family, Mitchel is not shows as a typical gay man instead hes busy with his work and wearing shirts without any flowers or patterns, does not act like the norm gay man. While Cam on the other hand is a very prototypical gay man, always wearing colorful shirts with patterns, dressing up Lilly (Cam/Mitchel adopted daughter) in costumes for Valentines Day. These two characters are quite unlike one another where one reinforces the typical gay man, the other see to challenge the typical gay man.The couple also has an adopted Vietnamese daughter, again intriguing the norm in society of a traditional family. Cam and Mitchel while staying at home agree to babysit Manny who is repeal over a girl who he has written a poem to, hoping it would impress her. Manny, unlike other kids who hang-out with their friends and ride their bikes, writes poems and is not the least bit self-conscious. He is very mature and intuitive for his age and is oft shown doing adult-like things, such as writing poems, dispute the norm of a usual 13 year old kid.Fathers in past years have been considered to be stricter on their kids, teaching them discipline and to focus on school. Phil however does not follow that same norm, instead he trys very heavy(a) even in fact goes out of his way to be a funny dad/husband. thought-provoking the societal norm of what is k right offn as a typical father. Claire conversely is a very familiar stay at home, minivan driving house wife who looks after the kids. She reinforced the utmost ideological norms of what a middle class house wife should be like.Talking care of the kids and being a pleasant mother. Claire and P hil like a normal couple exchange only cards and go to a eatery on Valentines Day which is what theyve been doing for years. However this all changes when the couple decides to go role playing at a hotel. The two meet at the hotel bar and he picks her up, she then goes to the bathroom and comes cover wearing her coat with no clothes underneath. As they prepare to go upstairs she gets her coat stuck in the escalator, which she cannot take off.The circumstances turn worse when they begin running into different acquaintances from work and school, all of whom recommend that she take the coat off. These sequences of event illustrate how much distinct Clair and Phil are from a classical couple, challenging the norm of the traditional couple. The norm for a 13 year old boy is quite simple, a goofy, mischievous, and fun-loving boy who is not very bright. This norm is supported in Modern Family through Luke (Clairs son).As the episode begins Phil and Luke come running into the house laughin g over something they call a water weasel, a water pipe attached to a nerf ball. Luke is the standard of a typical 13 year old. Phil however is not 13 yet acts like one at times, further challenging his norm of a typical Dad. The norm for the young teenage daughter has changed completely over the past decades, now the norm for a teenage girl is almost expected her to be rebellious, wild and care free. A norm which Haley (Clairs daughter) most definitely reinforces.As illustrated in this episode Haleys boyfriend Dylan give Haley a picture portrait of Haley and himself half-naked in bed, which of course terrifies her mom and she takes it away. Haley patently reinforces the norm of a typical modern day teenager. In conclusion, the norms presented in Modern Family are mostly challenged to that of a typical atomic family as an ideal, but yet in some instances as in the case of Haley and Claire the norms of the young teenage daughter and the stay at home house wife are confirmed.The show does need a balance of both, to reinforce norms and challenge them to become a successful comedy. Most of the norms that are challenged are all done in a fun-making manner. The show for the most part encourages the viewer to work for or at least echo on the need for change in society. The episode mostly challenges thoughts of consumption and views the shows audience as citizens not consumerist. Modern Family without a doubt offers us a look into what in todays society is viewed as a Modern family.

Friday, May 17, 2019

Drama coursework Essay

The two pieces I have chosen to comp be be one-twelfth iniquity, written by Shakespeare and an separate piece Complications, devised by my group about confusion. I make do that 12th Night existence such an old play has been presented and performed in various ways and I am focusing on just one film and play therefore slightly of the cultivation may be irrelevant to some particular portrayals of the play.The pieces salute similar story lines however being set in to very different eras they also interpret some vast differences. Our modern rendition of the piece was set in the 21st speed of light and Twelfth Night was set in the sixteenth century (Shakespearean times). This already implies that two(prenominal) plays will show very different views and perceptions to the characters, their ad hominemities and approaches, also they may show different reactions to situations. Both pieces are about two siblings and confusion of them and who they are.In Twelfth Night both characte rs knew of their existence however at that time did not recognise each other and did not have intercourse who they were, however in our piece both characters although knowing each other did not know of their birth with one another (being twins). Twelfth Night forced the sister, Viola to dress up as a man in order to get a job to seek her brother however, in the modern version, sexism is not an issue now as they are both girls and they are both received for their diverse characters.Nowadays parents in a relationship both parents are often of the same spot and importance, for example job recognition, how they are treated by society something that was not common in the past. In focus of culture, Twelfth Night portrays Viola and Sebastian of having alike behaviour, this could be due to the fact that they were brought up unneurotic in the same circumstances however the behaviour of the two sisters in our play are whole opposite. One character is quiet and does not argue back wherea s the other sister argues and is very feisty.The characters in our play confusion are also brought up with different types of parents one set of parents quiet and alleviate towards each other, the other a single mother in a high flying job. This contrasts with Twelfth Night as there women could not get a job and this mother has a groovy busy job, continuously dressed in suits. Even now avocation people are til now uninspiredly thought of as being men however it has evolved considerably in the last 20 years.In our play there is the role of the other women whom the capture went off with when the original mother and father disassemble up. This would be frowned upon in the 16th century as they are expected to put up with either grief or misery they encounter, not saying that all of them were unhappy however now in the 21st century it is seen as acceptable and people believe that nobody should be treated otherwise and have much priority in a relationship and it is about both pe ople unheeding of their sex.People in the 16th century were expected to live with their husbands and act under and listen to whatever they said however now times have developed and changed considerably women are much more independent even though most society portrays a certain perspective there are always the odd character, in Twelfth Night Olivia shows great independence and has the confidence to live her liveness alone however as society views women differently and inferior she felt the need to dress up as a man in order to get a job and in complications the other woman shown is not as independent as the original mother.Twelfth Night is a comedy, some characters more gay than others as with any drama however our play Complications although some comical events put across the drama is more of a serious nature, it was a play that showed the change of two young girls when they put out that their parents had lied to them and there was more to them than what they were presented, f or example the existence of their other twin and mother and father.In the plays there were some unrealistic scenarios given for example if you saw your sister that you had spent your whole puerility with, dressed up as a boy you would be able to tell as in Twelfth Night and it is not very likely that your divorced parents would meet up and the father would not notice the same house when approaching it. Although not always realistic both story lines are effective and do have other meanings throughout them and still keep us gripped to the situation happening. Costumes in both plays are not similar but do reflect the times they were devised in.Twelfth Night has costumes such as confinings and long socks for men, something that you would not see in modern times and tight dresses for the women, finished with a big hairstyle and occasionally a hat although this is seen now the dresses would not curve in as much at the waist nowadays. Mostly the people are dressed similarly to their stere otypical characters, following traditions of men in shirts and trousers, the pantrymans dressed in suits similarly to modern times maids dressed in petticoats, hair in a bun, and slightly tatty enclothe.In Complications the children both dress according to their personal interests this meaning one dressing in black, punk clothing, the other in simple clothing without a particular statement which is common in modern children. The mother a high flying business woman, clothed in posh suits and her mobile phone an accessory to her outfit the other mother and father mostly stick to jeans and smart clothing as well. That is another difference in the 16th century a women would not be seen in trousers, a very common item of clothing nowadays.It is seen that the clothing worn by the characters also reflect their statuses and personalities. The themes in both plays are that two siblings are irrupt up and at the end unite together this is identical in both pieces. They also both use butlers of similar characteristics, although the sister whom the butler works for in Complications is rather unpleasant to the butler, the well behaved, accomplished twin sister is very kind to him similar to in Twelfth Night in which Olivia and her butler get along however many of the other characters have a problem with him.In ending one could say that both drama performances have similarities and differences but it is what makes them both individual pieces, they also show different aspects of life and show different events very effectively. For example Twelfth Night shows many comical events as when Malvolio gets taken into a mental institute after being tricked by the other characters, and in Complications when the twin living with the step-mother confronts her, it is a very emotional scene but it is one that could happen in real life.

Thursday, May 16, 2019

Review for the World That Trade Created

In trade routes and otherwise greed led to violence. This was demonstrate through slavery, piracy, and defy of ivory and opium. African slavery began from greed Europeans needed labor to fuel their enceinte calling productions and manufacturing of the traded goods. Mesoamerican slavery and destruction was ca roled by the Spanish conquistadors in their infamous quest for gold, god, and glory. by means of greed the conquistadors decimated an entire civilization to obtain their gold.However the British and Dutch reaped many economic benefits of this perhaps even without knowledge of where their wealth had come from. Piracy, excessively fueled by greed, began as small bands, alone eventually transformed into colossal companies of corporal raiders. The demanding trade of ivory and opium came from greed and addiction. They became key luxury items for loaded Europeans, and it was the incentive for wars and violence. Pommeranz demonstrates throughout chapter five that greed led to violence.Gold, God, and Glory powered everything in the beginning. The Spanish enslaved the Aztecs when they conquered them to booster them with sugar production rates, increasing their profit. The Spanish also attempted to convert the Aztecs to Catholisism, and if they rebelled, they were forced into slavery in the name of God. Lastly, they were immensley proud because they managed to conquer the Aztecs, claiming the estate of the realm as their own while also beginning the use of slavery.Slavery was also pertinnent later in history when the Dutch, seeking revenge upon the Spanish while also being enticed by the wealth sugar trade brought, conquered a port in Brazil, controling the sugar trade. However, they did non have enough slaves to take advantage of the sugar, so although they opposed it at first, travelled to African ports and obtained slaves by exchanging luxury goods for human lives. Although the Portuguese regaiined control of the sugar production in Brazil, the Dutch still use the advantages of slavery in Africa and the exploitation of human lives that were not theirs to control.Lastly, Robinson Crusoe eventually learned to abandon his ideas of self adequacy and rejection of luxury, and entered into the slave trade, enticed by the wealth it would bring him. Before corporations, there were family ties. Blood was the medium that bound unitedly the many companies of the time. One example of such a family company was Samuel Rosenfelders fur trading house. As Rosenfelder added to his company, he also prepared his son goop to take over the company in the future. Eventually, Max would continue passing the company to his three sons.However, by the 1600s, there was an obvious advantage to using corporations to clear business. Corporations were impersonal alliances that provided a logical and easy way to do business on a largeglobalscale. The first corporations were anonymous with wide distributions of power and not really necessary until the railro ad hollering in the 1830s. However, these corporations gave birth to something useful at the time corporate raiders. With the amount of sea trade that was happening, corporate raiders became the new pirates.Made of refugees, criminals, runaways, and mercenaries, corporate raiders are referred to as multinational, multiethnic, democratic bands of sea rovers. Although they had less dignity and were much violent than traditional pirates, corporate raiders were often favored in the eyes of the law, signifying governments liaison in trade. After all, trade was a fruitful source of income. As the greed and available wealth grew, so did violence on the seas. The history of trade has taught us a lesson about greed, and the horrors it can pass away to.Greed for products often leads towards violence. Two outstanding examples of this were the result of Great Britains greed for Chinese Tea, and mightiness Leopolds desire to begin an ivory market. Hooked on the imported Chinese Tea, Britis h mint had little to offer in return. Struggling to find compensation for their needed beverage, the British discovered the advantages of trading opium for tea. Easily seducing the Chinese with a cheep alternative for compensation, their greed for tea only grew.Becoming snug with their trading situation, the British were infuriated when the Chinese attempted to stop the Opium Trade. Finally resulting in battles between the British and Chinese, (know as the Opium Wars), the British were guaranteed their tea, and granted what they wanted, at the cost of violence. power Leopold II, the monarch of Belgium. Having a lack of colonies, King Leopolds only hope for new territory would be in Africa. He began to show arouse in Africa by change state an advocate for illegal slave trade and other issues thus becoming popular among the African eople. Building roads, hospitals, and other infrastructure the African population began to acquire a rigid trust for him. Starting his turn on Africa , King Leopold began to use African mercenaries in 1879 to control the Kongo. His reasons for this were to control much land in Africa and declare the seized land his property. Gaining wealth from the trading the abundant ivory, his greed for land and tusks only grew. Natives were eventually brutalized, ears and limbs were severed off of those that opposed him.After leaving piles of dead elephants for the natives to discard, his soldiers sailed stilt the congo river shooting the Lunda, or Mongo for sport. King Leopolds greed for wealth from ivory trade brought ugly violence to the people of Africa, and caused a decrease in the elephant population. Both the trade of tea, and ivory caused greed for those who sought after it, and when the threat of a stop to the trade presented itself, violence was the only answer, today we can see the alike pattern carrying out as it did hundreds of years ago, as greed for oil grows.

Wednesday, May 15, 2019

TO WHAT EXTEND CAN FAMINE BE PREVENTED Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

TO WHAT EXTEND CAN FAMINE BE PREVENTED - Essay ExamplePrevention of paucity has been a major concern for both international organizations and academic institutions. Several strategies have been employed to return famine and its effects throughout affected regions. Prevention of famine has always attracted the attention of various disciplines, with historians fine-looking account of its occurrence in the past. Famine situations argon complex and when it hits a region, the response can be daunting to the people and institutions involved. Various researchers have attempted to develop theoretical as well as comparative interdisciplinary approach to understanding the preventive measures. In order to understand the interlink ages in the midst of starvation, disease and starvation and death. roughly researchers acknowledge that famine is preventable, comp atomic number 18d against other issues such as poverty and victuals insecurity. This paper will look into the extent to which famin e can be prevented and the strategies that can be utilise to fruitful. Extent to which Famine can be Prevented Famine has been attributed as a massive social failure, and should not be perceived merely as a natural tragedy. Stated differently, famine signals that institutions, organizations, governments and policies have failed. fit in to Dre?ze & Sen (1989), there should be people who are criminally liable to deaths of millions. Prevention, however, is essentially concerned with the protection of entitlements (Fine, 1997) Most institutions and governments develop policies and programs that minimize the impacts of famines. The most important though should be those that lay enough groundwork for succeeding(a) development. The policies should ensure both famine prevention and long-term nutrition security assurances. The policies must promote and leaven agricultural ontogeny, especially among small-scale farmers. In addition, infrastructural development should take centre stage i n the world(prenominal) efforts to combat famine. Environmental rehabilitation programs and effective markets should be developed in the fight against famine alleviation. much importantly, each political geographical region must develop capacity to design and implement ripe food policies and programs at all levels. Widespread famines have ravaged Ireland, China, India, and the horn of Africa. Famine situations are actually complex and to mitigate against them requires a great deal of human commitment across several institutions and individuals. This is often a regional, short-term extreme food shortage, thought of as caused by drought, ecological extinction, and a sometimes accompanied by conflicts. A number of factors including poverty, inequality, commerce that is not regulated, and insufficient food schemes often fuels famine. Malthusian theory predicts that food will grow at a much lower rate than the growth in population, which will put a strain on the existing stocks of f ood (Madeley, 2000). However, there are writers who have faulted this theory by asserting that modern technology can actually lead to food increasing by more than the proportional increase in population. Dre?ze & Sen (1990) who wondered why in world where true regions produced food that is more than enough yet other regions experienced severe food situations noted this paradox. Environments are increasingly becoming with the movement of people in the form of rural to urban migration, catalysing

Tuesday, May 14, 2019

Political Kuwait before and after oil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Political capital of Kuwait before and after oil - Essay ExamplePrior to the baring of oil in Kuwait, their political structure was that different political classes were indebted to one another. This included the pearl divers, the captains, the merchants, the international merchants, and the ruling family, including the sheikh. The blameless political and governance structure was supported by debt that could not be rapid due to its amount. This, however, changed with discovery of oil as the organization began to distribute wealth deliberately among all its recognized citizens. Kuwait excessively became a welfare state, while money was also funneled into the private sector through land purchases from the organisation at inflated prices (Slot 106). This worked to wipe out almost all debts owed by citizens.Prior to the discovery of oil, the Sheikh in Kuwait carried out all the executive functions of government, including the arbitration of disputes, using customary rules. Those di sputes that he matt-up were covered under Sharia law were sent to the judges, although this was only to allow him make an informed and salutary decision (Slot 102). For this reason, it was important that the ruler availed himself to the people through open Majlis that enabled them to present grievances and disputes directly to the ruler. However, with the discovery of oil, government work expanded rapidly to include numerous agencies as required. The machinery of government diversified to include the irresponsible Council that was constituted by various heads of government agencies. The Supreme Council became almost like a Politburo in that it reflected share of power among individuals linked to the ruling family, while the Amirs continued absence from its sittings gave it a aim of independence despite his continued chairmanship. In a further change to political structure away(p) from the centralized figure of the Amir, the Organizing Body was formed to reform government

Monday, May 13, 2019

How did Witte's and Pobedonostsev's visions of Russia and its path Essay

How did Wittes and Pobedonostsevs visions of Russia and its path differ Could either of them hold up saved autocracy - Essay ExampleIvan III wiped out the idea of democracy by annexing land of both principalities of their kingdom, ensuring that no united political power would be able to oppose their total prideful direct. The leader drew a firm support of the Russian Orthodox Church to legitimize an arrogant rule (MacKenzie & Curran, 2001).The people of Russia would therefore feel the effects of this rule in later years during the clock of reign of both Alexander III and Nicholas II of between 1880 and 1905. Many Russians suffered cod to autocratic rule at these times and later it dissolving agented to the Russian Revolution. During the time of these two rulers, the people of Russia ran to extreme poverty due to existence of famine, lack of education, the people lived under poor working condition in cities, there were restrain industries even though society that is more agra rian could be noticed no development could be hastened.Due to autocracy, the Russian empire was deteriorated politically, economically, and socially. There were no industries and most of the people were peasants with high level of illiteracy. intimately of the citizens were still under the slavery of wealthy property owners. The government still had no defined judicial or constitution as well as parliament thus as a result no elections could be conducted. For efficient and smooth run of the entire vast empire, the Tsar appointed several(a) ministers to help him rule. People were denied freedom of speech thus grievances could not be aired to the Tsar.The first hertz in the struggle to define a direction of Russias development was between the conservative stability proclaimed by Pobedonostsev, which elaborated on maintenance of Russias natural institution and massive industrial change driven by Witte that emphasized on the introduction of European institutions (MacKenzie & Curran , 2001).The two men experient a reversal of their early